ISO/TR 15608 Material Group 11.1: Higher carbon steels with carbon (0,30 ≤ C ≤ 0,35% c) and with following analysis:
Si ≤ 0,60%; Mn ≤ 1,8%; Mo ≤ 0,70%c; S ≤ 0,045%; P ≤ 0,045%; Cu ≤ 0,40%c; Ni ≤ 0,5%c; Cr ≤ 0,3%; (0,4% for castings; Nb ≤0,06%; V ≤ 0,1%c; Ti ≤0,05%;
Remarks:
c A higher value is accepted, provided Cr+Mo+Ni+Cu+V ≤ 1,00%
Higher carbon steels acc. ISO/TR 15608 Material Group 11.1
Carbon steels are commonly used in the manufacturing of many products and structures due to its high strength and low cost. Steels with higher carbon contents generally also contain other strength-enhancing elements, such as manganese.
What is the effect of carbon content on carbon steel？
Carbon is the most important factor in determining the mechanical properties of steel. As the carbon content increases, hardness increases, while plasticity and toughness decrease. Weldability also decreases with increasing carbon content due to martensite formation, especially with a carbon content of over 0.25 %. Steels are at risk of cracking during welding if martensite forms in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) due to rapid cooling.
The carbon equivalent (CE) when welding higher carbon steels
The decisive factor for good weldability is the carbon equivalent (CE), which can be calculated using the formula: CEV=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5, +(Ni+Cu)/15. The carbon equivalent (CE) in steels is a numerical value used to assess the weldability and hardenability of a specific steel composition. The carbon equivalent is especially important in welding applications because it helps estimate the risk of cracking in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of a weld joint and can help to determine the preheating temperature.
Typical material in group 11.1
| Name | Number | Standard | Product | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C35E | 1.1181 | EN 10269 | Fasteners | |
| 35B2 | 1.5511 | EN 10269 | Fasteners | |
| C | ASTM A-738 | Plate | ASME BPVC | |
| – | – | ASTM A-36 | Plate, bar & shape | ASME BPVC |
| CE55 E55 | K02202 K02202 | ASTM A-671 ASTM A-672 | Fusion welded pipe Fusion welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| CE60 E60 | K02402 K02402 | ASTM A-671 ASTM A-672 | Fusion welded pipe Fusion welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| – | K02506 | ASTM A-727 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| 70 CC70 C70 | K02700 K02700 K02700 | ASTM A-516 ASTM A-671 ASTM A-672 | Plate Fusion welded pipe Fusion welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| SA283 D D | K02702 K02702 | ASTM A-134 ASTM A-283 | Plate Plate | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| E | K02704 | ASTM A-414 | Sheet | ASME BPVC |
| A-1 B2 | K02707 K02707 | ASTM A-210 ASTM A-556 | Smls. tube Smls. tube | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| D | K02709 | ASTM A-178 | E.R.W. tube | ASME BPVC |
| 60 65 CB65 B65 | – K02800 K02800 K02800 | ASTM A-515 ASTM A-515 ASTM A-671 ASTM A-672 | Plate t > 25 mm Plate Fusion welded pipe Fusion welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| SA285 C C CA55 A55 | K02801 K02801 K02801 K02801 | ASTM A-134 ASTM A-515 ASTM A-671 ASTM A-672 | Welded pipe Plate Fusion welded pipe Fusion welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| A CK75 N75 | K02803 K02803 K02803 | ASTM A-299 ASTM A-671 ASTM A-672 | Plate Fusion welded pipe Fusion welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| B A B | K03000 K03000 K03000 | ASTM A-500 ASTM A-501 ASTM A-501 | Smls. & welded tube Smls. & welded tube Smls. & welded tube | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| 70 CB70 B70 | K03101 K03101 K03101 | ASTM A-515 ASTM A-671 ASTM A-672 | Plate Fusion welded pipe Fusion welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| A | K03002 | ASTM A-372 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| B | K03003 | ASTM A-139 | Welded pipe | ASME BPVC |
| C | K03004 | ASTM A-139 | Welded pipe | ASME BPVC |
| E, B F S, B | K03005 K03005 K03005 | ASTM A-53 ASTM A-53 ASTM A-53 | Resistance welded pipe Furnace welded pipe Smls. pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| B WPB 6 FPB WPL6 C2 | K03006 K03006 K03006 K03006 K03006 K03006 | ASTM A-106 ASTM A-253 ASTM A-333 ASTM A-369 ASTM A-420 ASTM A-556 | Smls. pipe Fitting Smls. & welded pipe Forged pipe Piping fittings Smls. tube | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| 10 | – | ASTM A-333 | Smls. & welded pipe | ASME BPVC |
| 60 | – | ASTM A-572 | Plate & shape | ASME BPVC |
| 58 65 70 | – – – | ASTM A-573 ASTM A-573 ASTM A-573 | Plate & shape Plate & shape Plate & shape | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| M 1020 M 1023 M 1025 | – – – | ASTM A-575 ASTM A-575 ASTM A-575 | Bar Bar Bar | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| G10210 G10220 G10230 G10250 | – – – – | ASTM A-576 ASTM A-576 ASTM A-576 ASTM A-576 | Bar Bar Bar Bar | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| B2 | K03007 | ASTM A-557 | E.R.W. tube | ASME BPVC |
| 1 1 | K03008 K03008 | ASTM A-333 ASTM A-334 | Smls. & welded pipe Welded tube | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| LF1 | K03009 | ASTM A-350 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| D | K03010 | ASTM A-139 | Welded pipe | ASME BPVC |
| LF2 | K03011 | ASTM A-350 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| E | K03012 | ASTM A-139 | Welded pipe | ASME BPVC |
| F42 F46 F48 F50 F52 F56 F60 F65 F70 | K03014 K03014 K03014 K03014 K03014 K03014 K03014 K03014 K03014 | ASTM A-694 ASTM A-694 ASTM A-694 ASTM A-694 ASTM A-694 ASTM A-694 ASTM A-694 ASTM A-694 ASTM A-694 | Forging Forging Forging Forging Forging Forging Forging Forging Forging | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| 4 | K03017 | ASTM A-266 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| B | K03018 | ASTM A-135 | E.R.W. pipe | ASME BPVC |
| 1A | K03020 | ASTM A-541 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| I | K03046 | ASTM A-765 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| II | K03047 | ASTM A-765 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| Y35 Y42 Y46 Y48 Y50 Y52 Y56 Y60 | – – – – – – – – | ASTM A-381 ASTM A-381 ASTM A-381 ASTM A-381 ASTM A-381 ASTM A-381 ASTM A-381 ASTM A-381 | Welded pipe Welded pipe Welded pipe Welded pipe Welded pipe Welded pipe Welded pipe Welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| 70 | K03101 | ASTM A-515 | Plate | ASME BPVC |
| F | K03102 | ASTM A-414 | Sheet | ASME BPVC |
| G | K03103 | ASTM A-414 | Sheet | ASME BPVC |
| B C | K03200 K03200 | ASTM A-696 ASTM A-696 | Bar Bar | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| C | K03501 | ASTM A-106 | Smls. pipe | ASME BPVC |
| Cl. 60 Cl. 70 | K03502 K03502 | ASTM A-181 ASTM A-181 | Pipe flange & fittings Pipe flange & fittings | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| C | K03503 | ASTM A-178 | E.R.W. tube | ASME BPVC |
| – | K03504 | ASTM A-105 | Flanges & fittings | ASME BPVC |
| C2 | K03505 | ASTM A-557 | E.R.W. tube | ASME BPVC |
| 1 2 | K03506 K03506 | ASTM A-266 ASTM A-266 | Forging Forging | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |
| B | K02008 | ASTM A-372 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| B | K12001 | ASTM A-737 | Plate | ASME BPVC |
| B | K12007 | ASTM A-738 | Plate | ASME BPVC |
| A | K12447 | ASTM A-738 | Plate | ASME BPVC |
| 1 | K13502 | ASTM A-508 | Forging | ASME BPVC |
| 1026 CW | G10260 | ASTM A-513 | Tube | ASME BPVC |
| 1 | J03502 | ASTM A-356 | Casting | ASME BPVC |
| LCA | J02504 | ASTM A-352 | Casting | ASME BPVC |
| LCC | J02505 | ASTM A-352 | Casting | ASME BPVC |
| B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 | – – – – – – – – | API Spec 5L API Spec 5L API Spec 5L API Spec 5L API Spec 5L API Spec 5L API Spec 5L API Spec 5L | Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe | ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC |