ISO 15608 Material Groups

ISO 15608 Material Group 7.1: Ferritic stainless steels with
C ≤ 0,35 % and 10,5 % ≤ Cr ≤ 30 %;

Features of Ferritic stainless steel

Ferritic stainless steel contains over 12% chromium with less than 0.20% carbon but with no, or very small addition of nickel. Molybdenum is added to some grades to improve the corrosion resistance, while alloying with niobium and/or titanium improves the weldability.

They are non-hardenable by heat treatment and only marginally hardenable by cold rolling. The bodycentred-cubic grain is responsible for ferritic steel’s magnetic nature, and in this it differs from all other types of stainless steel. While not as strong as martensitics, ferritics are highly corrosion resistant. Chromium rich ferritic stainless steels have good oxidation resistance at high temperatures and can be used to make furnace components.

The main disadvantages of the ferritics are:

• Limited toughness – Not acceptable low temperatures
• Formability – Good for deep drawing, but not stretch forming due to lower ductility
• Weldability – Rapid grain growth in thick sections, leads to poor weld toughness in comparison to the austenitics.

Ferritic stainless steels are weldable with conventional welding methods.

Typical materials in group 7.1

Name	Number	Standard	Product	Remarks
403	S40300	ASTM A-479	Bar	ASME BPVC
405 TP405 405	S40500 S40500 S40500	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-479	Plate Smls. & welded tube Bar	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
S40800	S40800	ASTM A-268	Smls. & welded tube	ASME BPVC
X2CrTi12 TP409	1.4512 S40900	– ASTM A-268	– Smls. & welded tube	– ASME BPVC
409	S40910 S40920 S40930	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-240	Plate Plate Plate	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X6Cr17 F430 430 TP430 430	1.4016 S43000 S43000 S43000 S43000	– ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTN A-268 ASTM A-479	– Forging Plate Smls. & welded tube Bar	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X3CrTi17 439 TP439 439 TP439 TP439	1.4510 S43035 S43035 S43035 S43035 S43035	– ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-731 ASTM A-803	– Plate Smls. & welded tube Bar Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP430Ti	S43036	ASTM A-268	Smls. & welded tube	ASME BPVC
X2CrTiNb18 S43932	1.4509 S43932	– ASTM A-240	– Plate	– ASME BPVC
S43940	S43940	ASTM A-240	Plate	ASME BPVC
–	S44100	ASTM A-240	Plate	ASME BPVC
X2CrMoTi18-2 S44400 18Cr–2Mo S44400 18Cr–2Mo	1.4521 S44400 S44400 S44400 S44400	– ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-731	– Plate Smls. & welded tube Bars Smls. & welded pipe	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP446–1 TP446–2	S44600 S44600	ASTM A-268 ASTM A-268	Smls. & welded tube Smls. & welded tube	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
XM–33 TPXM–33 TPXM–33	S44626 S44626 S44626	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-731	Plate Smls. & welded tube Smls. & welded pipe	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
FXM–27Cb XM–27 TPXM–27 XM–27 TPXM–27	S44627 S44627 S44627 S44627 S44627	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-731	Forging Plate Smls. & welded tube Bar Smls. & welded pipe	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
S44635 25–4–4	S44635 S44635	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268	Plate Smls. & welded tube	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
S44660 26–3–3 S44660 26–3–3	S44660 S44660 S44660 S44660	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-731 ASTM A-803	Plate Smls. & welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Welded tube	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
S44700 29–4 S44700 S44700	S44700 S44700 S44700 S44700	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-731	Plate Smls. & welded tube Bars Smls. & welded pipe	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
S44735	S44735	ASTM A-268	Smls. & welded tube	ASME BPVC
S44800 29–4–2 S44800 S44800	S44800 S44800 S44800 S44800	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-731	Plate Smls. & welded tube Bars Smls. & welded pipe	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X3CrNb17	1.4511	EN 10088-2	Plate	–
X2CrMoTi17-1	1.4513	EN 10088-2	Plate	–
X2CrMoNb18-2	1.4522	EN 10088-2	Plate	–

ISO 15608 Material Group 7.2: Martensitic stainless steels with C ≤ 0,35 % and 10,5 % ≤ Cr ≤ 30 %;

Martensitic stainless steels are similar to low alloy or carbon steels. In the annealed condition they have a structure similar to the ferritics, but when hardened they have a ‘body-centred tetragonal’, (bct), crystal lattice, rather than a body centred cubic, (bcc), lattice. Due to the deliberate addition of carbon, they can be hardened and strengthened by heat treatment, in a similar way to many carbon/carbon alloy steels. They are classed as a “hard” ferro-magnetic group. The main alloying element is chromium, with a typical content of 12-15%.

Martensitic grades have been developed with nitrogen and nickel additions, but with lower carbon levels than the traditional grades. These steels have improved toughness, weldability and corrosion resistance.

1.4313 and 1.4418. These low carbon martensitic grades have the benefit of being more weldable than other martensitic grades. Poor weldability is normally seen as a downside of martensitic steels due to their generally high carbon content, which requires pre and post heat treatment in welding. These steels are much better in this respect.

Typical materials in group 7.2

1Name/Grade	Number	Standard	Product	Remarks
F6a, Cl. 1 F6a, Cl. 2 F6a, Cl. 3 F6a, Cl. 4 410 TP410 410 F6 410	S41000 S41000 S41000 S41000 S41000 S41000 S41000 S41000 S41000	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-276 ASTM A-336 ASTM A-479	Forging Forging Forging Forging Plate Smls. & welded tube Bar Forging Bar	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNi12 40	1.4003 S41003	EN 10028-7 ASTM A-1010	Plate Plate	– ASME BPVC
410S	S41008	ASTM A-240	Plate	ASME BPVC
F6b	S41026	ASTM A-182	Forging	ASME BPVC
414	S41400	ASTM A-479	Bar	ASME BPVC
F6NM S41500 S41500 S41500 S41500 –	S41500 S41500 S41500 S41500 S41500 S41500	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-731 ASTM A-815	Forging Plate Smls. & welded tube Bar Smls. & welded pipe Fittings	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
F429 429 TP429	S42900 S42900 S42900	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-268	Forging Plate Smls. & welded tube	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
CA15 CA15 Cl. C	J91150 J91150	ASTM A-217 ASTM A-487	Casting Casting	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
CA15M Cl. A	J91151	ASTM A-487	Casting	ASME BPVC
CA15 Cl. B CA15 Cl. D	J91171 J91171	ASTM A-487 ASTM A-487	Casting Casting	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
CA6NM CA6NM Cl. A CA6NM Cl. B	J91540 J91540 J91540	ASTM A-352 ASTM A-487 ASTM A-487	Casting Casting Casting	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X3CrNi13-4	1.4313	EN 10222-5	Forging	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X4CrNiMo16-5-1	1.4418	EN 10272	Bar	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2

ISO 15608 Material Group 7.3: Precipitation-hardened stainless steels such as 17-4PH with
C ≤ 0,35 % and 10,5 % ≤ Cr ≤ 30 %;

Features of ISO 15608 Material Group 7.3: Precipitation-hardened stainless steels

Precipitation hardening grades have higher alloying contents than martensitic steel grades. They contain nickel, and in order to achieve hardening by aging additions of copper, aluminium, titanium, niobium and molybdenum. Martensitic steel grades and precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels are heat treatable and can therefore provide hardness and strength in a wide range of applications. Allowing to workability they are supplied in solution annealed condition.

The precipitation-hardened stainless steels, martensitic, niobium-stabilized chromium-nickel steels are an excellent alternative for applications where the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of martensitic steels are not sufficient:

• are insensitive to intergranular corrosion
• are highly resistant to vibration and stress corrosion cracking
• are characterized by high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance is suitable for low temperatures
• are suitable for an operating temperature of up to approx. 350 degrees C
• can be welded in the solution-annealed condition

Typical steel in this material group: 17-4PH

Type 17-4 PH stainless steel is the most widely used of all of the precipitation-hardening
stainless steels. Typical technical properties of material 17-4-PH (+800 condition):

Yield strength: R_p0,2 = 600 MPa
Tensil strength: R_m = 900 – 1100 MPa
Hardness: HBW_max = 360

Heat treatment of 17-4PH steel

Alloy 17-4PH is provided in the solution-annealed condition (Condition A). Mechanical properties may be altered by subsequent age hardening treatments. These aging treatments are to as Conditions H900, H1025, H1075, H1150, H1150M and H1150D (depending the heat treatment temperature in °F).

Applications of precipitation-hardened stainless steels

Typical applications for martensitic stainless steel grades: fasteners, springs, press plates, seals, oil field valve equipment, chemical process equipment, part of steam and gas turbines.

Typical materials in ISO 15608 material group 7.3:

Name	Number	Standard	Product	AISI/ Trade Marks	Remarks
X5CrNiCuNb16-4	1.4542	EN 10088-3	Bar	–	–
X5CrNiCu15-5 15-5-PH	1.4545 S15500	– ASTM A-564	– Bar	– XM-13	– ASME BPVC
X5CrNi CuNb17-4-4 17-4PH	1.4548 S17400	EN 10088-3 +AT ASTM A-564	– Bar	– 630	– ASME BPVC

Material Group 8.1 ISO 15608: Austenitic stainless steels such as grade 316L with
Cr ≤ 19 % and Ni ≤ 35 %

Features of austenitic steels

The Cr-Ni grades are general purpose grades , which are mainly alloyed with chromium and nickel, with the exclusion of molybdenum. These grades are sometimes referred to as 18-8 type of stainless steels, indicating the approximate chromium and nickel content respectively. Austenitic stainless steels have a “face-centred-cubic”, crystal structure, which is the same as that of pure iron above the temperature of 910^oC.

Basic properties of austenitic stainless steels such as grade 316L include:

• Excellent corrosion resistance
• Excellent cleanability and hygienic properties
• Fabricated and formed with ease
• Excellent weldability
• Hardened by cold work, not by heat treatment
• Usually used in the fully annealed condition in which they are essentially non-magnetic
• The ability to handle both extremely low (cryogenic) temperatures and, depending on the load and permissible distortion, higher service temperatures of around 600 degrees Celsius or even higher if scaling resistance is the principal consideration.

In order to improve the strength and machinability, some of the grades are alloyed with either nitrogen or sulphur. There are also stabilised grades where titanium or niobium is added to increase the mechanical properties at high temperatures by the formation of hardening carbides. The presence of hard titanium carbonitrides. which form the stabilised grades of stainless steels make these steels unsuitable for polishing.

Contrary to earlier practice where titanium and niobium stabilisation was also used to avoid detrimental carbide precipitates on welding, for modern low-carbon Cr-Ni steels this is not necessary. Due to the presence of titanium carbides and nitrides the stabilised grades of stainless steel, there inclusion content will be higher than those of low carbon steel grades – all else being equal. In the most instances the difference in inclusion content is not critical, but som applications this difference might be noted.

Weldability of austenitic stainless steels such as grade 316L

Austenitic stainless steels generally exhibit good weldability and very good toughness even down to cryogenic temperatures, i.e. they do not display a ductile to brittle transition with decreasing temperature. A common misconception exists that the stabilised stainless steel grades are easier to weld than the low carbon grades. this ist not correct however and both the stabilised and low carbon grades can be readily welding using all common techniques. Due the improvements in the production of stainless steels, low carbon variants have replaced the titanium stabilised grades of stainless steel. In addition to minimising the possibility of sensitation during welding or high temperature processing, the low carbon (≤ 0.03 %C) grades have overcome the surface problems commonly experienced with the titanium stabilised grades.

Applications of austenitic stainless steels

Austenitic stainless steel is used to the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries because its corrosion resistance provides high cleanability, low maintenance, and durability.

Austenitic stainless steels according to European standards such as EN 10028-7, EN 10216-5, EN 10217-7, EN 10222-5 are specified with an impact energy ≥ 60 Joule at a test temperature of -196 °C and are therefore suitable for cryogenic applications. Austenitic steels are resistant to brittle fracture in the solution-annealed condition.

Typical materials in group 8.1

Name / Grade	Number	Standards	Products	AISI	Remarks
GX8CrNi12	1.4107	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X5CrNi18-10 X5CrNi18-10 X5CrNi18-10 X5CrNi18-10 X5CrNi18-10 X5CrNi18-10 X5CrNi18-10 F304 304 TP304 TP304 304 TP304 304 WP304 TP304 304 304 TP304 TP304 TP304 F304 CF8 CF8A CPF8 CPF8A	1.4301 1.4301 1.4301 1.4301 1.4301 1.4301 1.4301 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 S30400 J92600 J92600 J92600 J92600	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10253-4 EN 10269 EN 10272 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-269 ASTM A-276 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-666 ASTM A-688 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965 ASTM A-351 ASTM A-351 ASTM A-451 ASTM A-451	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Fittings Fastener Bar Forging Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded tube Bar Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Fittings Welded pipe Bar Plate Welded tube Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging Casting Casting Centrif. casting Centrif. casting	– – – – – – – – – 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNi19-11 X2CrNi19-11 X2CrNi19-11 X2CrNi19-11 X2CrNi19-11 F304L TP304L 304L TP304 TP304L 304L TP304L 304L WP304L TP304L 304L 304L TP304L TP304L TP304L F304L CF3 CF3A CPF3 CPF3A	1.4306 1.4306 1.4306 1.4306 1.4306 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 S30403 J92500 J92500 J92500 J92500	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10253-4 EN 10272 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-269 ASTM A-276 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-666 ASTM A-688 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965 ASTM A-351 ASTM A-351 ASTM A-451 ASTM A-451	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Fittings Bar Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded tube Bar Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Fittings Welded pipe Bar Plate Welded tube Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging Casting Casting Centrif. casting Centrif. casting	– – – – – 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L 304L	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNi18-9 X2CrNi18-9 X2CrNi18-9 X2CrNi18-9 X2CrNi18-9 X2CrNi18-9 X2CrNi18-9	1.4307 1.4307 1.4307 1.4307 1.4307 1.4307 1.4307	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10269 EN 10272 EN 10253-4	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Fasteners Bar Fittings	– – – – – – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1
GX5CrNi19-10	1.4308	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
GX2CrNi19-11	1.4309	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X10CrNi18-8	1.4310	EN 10088-1	–	301	–
X2CrNiN18-10 X2CrNiN18-10 X2CrNiN18-10 X2CrNiN18-10 X2CrNiN18-10 X2CrNiN18-10 F304LN TP304LN 304LN TP304LN TP304LN 304LN TP304LN WP304LN 304LN 304LN TP304LN TP304LN TP304LN F304LN	1.4311 1.4311 1.4311 1.4311 1.4311 1.4311 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453 S30453	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10253-4 EN 10272 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-666 ASTM A-688 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Fittings Bar Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Bar Plate Welded tube Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	– – – – – – 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN 304LN	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X5CrNiN19-9	1.4315	EN 10028-7	Plate	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1
GX4CrNi13-4	1.4317	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X2CrNiN18-7	1.4318	EN 10028-7	Plate	301LN	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X1CrNiSi18-15-4 F46 S30600 S30600 S30600 F46	1.4361 S30600 S30600 S30600 S30600 S30600	– ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-965	– Forging Plate Smls. and welded pipe Bar Forging	– – – ATI 610™ – –	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 F316 Grade F316 316 TP316 316 TP316 – TP316 316 316 TP316 TP316 TP316 F316	1.4401 1.4401 1.4401 1.4401 1.4401 1.4401 1.4401 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600 S31600	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10253-4 EN 10269 EN 10272 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-666 ASTM A-688 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Fittings Fasteners Bar Forging Smls. tube Plate Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Welded pipe Bar Plate Welded tube Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	– – – – – – – 316 316 316 316 316 316 316 316 316 316 316 316 316 316	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNiMo17-12-2 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 F316L TP316L 316L TP316L 316L TP316L 316L WP316L TP316L 316L 316L TP316L TP316L TP316L F316L	1.4404 1.4404 1.4404 1.4404 1.4404 1.4404 1.4404 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603 S31603	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10253-4 EN 10269 EN 10272 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-269 ASTM A-276 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-666 ASTM A-688 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Fittings Fasteners Bar Forging Smls. tube Plate Smls. and welded tube Bar Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Fittings Welded pipe Bar Plate Welded tube Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	– – – – – – – 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L 316L	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 X2CrNiMoN17-12-2	1.4406 1.4406 1.4406	EN 10028-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10272	Plate Forging Bar	– –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
GX5CrNiMo19-11-2	1.4408	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
GX2CrNiMo19-11-2	1.4409	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 F316LN TP316LN 316LN TP316LN TP316LN 316LN TP316LN WP316LN 316LN TP316LN TP316LN TP316LN F316LN	1.4429 1.4429 1.4429 1.4429 1.4429 1.4429 1.4429 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653 S31653	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10253-4 EN 10269 EN 10272 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-688 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Fittings Fasteners Bar Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Bar Welded tube Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	– – – – – – – 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN 316LN	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNiMo17-12-3 X2CrNiMo17-12-3 X2CrNiMo17-12-3 X2CrNiMo17-12-3	1.4432 1.4432 1.4432 1.4432	EN 10028-7 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10272	Plate Welded tube Forging Bar	– – – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X2CrNiMoN18-12-4	1.4434	EN 10028-7	Plate	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X2CrNiMo18-14-3 X2CrNiMo18-14-3 X2CrNiMo18-14-3 X2CrNiMo18-14-3 X2CrNiMo18-14-3	1.4435 1.4435 1.4435 1.4435 1.4435	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10272	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Bar	– – – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X3CrNiMoN17-13-3 X3CrNiMoN17-13-3 X3CrNiMoN17-13-3 X3CrNiMoN17-13-3 X3CrNiMoN17-13-3	1.4436 1.4436 1.4436 1.4436 1.4436	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10272	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Bar	– –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
F316H TP316H 316H TP316H TP316H 316H TP316H WP316H 316H – TP316H TP316H F316H	S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609 S31609	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-688 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Bar Welded tube Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	316H 316H 316H 316H 316H 316H 316H 316H 316H 316H 316H 316H 316H	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 TP316Ti 316Ti TP316Ti 316Ti TP316Ti	1.4571 1.4571 1.4571 1.4571 1.4571 1.4571 1.4571 S31635 S31635 S31635 S31635 S31635	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10253-4 EN 10269 EN 10272 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-688	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Fittings Fasteners Bar Smls. tube Plate Smls. and welded pipe Bar Welded tube	– – – – – – 316Ti 316Ti 316Ti 316Ti 316Ti	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNiMo18-15-4 X2CrNiMo18-15-4 F317L TP317L 317L TP317L TP317L WP317L TP317L TP317L	1.4438 1.4438 S31703 S31703 S31703 S31703 S31703 S31703 S31703 S31703	EN 10028-7 EN 10217-7 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Plate Welded tube Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fittings Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe	– – 317L 317L 317L 317L 317L 317L 317L 317L	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNiMo17-13-5 X2CrNiMo17-13-5 X2CrNiMo17-13-5	1.4439 1.4439 1.4439	EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10272	Seamless tube Welded tube Bar	– – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X3CrNiMo18-12-3	1.4449	EN 10222-5	Forging	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
TP317LMN S31726 S31726 S31726 S31726 S31726 WP S31726 S31726 S31726	S31726 S31726 S31726 S31726 S31726 S31726 S31726 S31726 S31726	ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479	Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Welded pipe Bar	317LMN 317LMN 317LMN 317LMN 317LMN 317LMN 317LMN 317LMN 317LMN	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiTi18-10 F321 TP321 321 TP321 TP321 321 TP321 WP321 TP321 321 TP321 TP321 F321	1.4541 1.4541 1.4541 1.4541 1.4541 1.4541 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100 S32100	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10272 EN 10253-4 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Bar Fittings Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	– – – – – – 321 321 321 321 321 321 321 321 321 321 321 321 321	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 & EN ISO 21009-1 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X8CrNiTi18-10 F321H TP321H 321H TP321H TP321H TP321H WP321H 321H TP321H TP321H F321H	1.4878 S32109 S32109 S32109 S32109 S32109 S32109 S32109 S32109 S32109 S32109 S32109	– ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	– Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Bar Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	– 321H 321H 321H 321H 321H 321H 321H 321H 321H 321H 321H	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X6CrNiNb18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10 F347 TP347 347 TP347 TP347 347 TP347 WP347 TP347 347 TP347 TP347 F347	1.4550 1.4550 1.4550 1.4550 1.4550 1.4550 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700 S34700	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10222-5 EN 10272 EN 10253-4 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM-358 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Forging Bar Fittings Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	– – – – – – 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 347	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
F347H TP347H 347H TP347H TP347H TP347H WP347H 347H TP347H TP347H F347H	S34709 S34709 S34709 S34709 S34709 S34709 S34709 S34709 S34709 S34709 S34709	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Bar Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	347H 347H 347H 347H 347H 347H 347H 347H 347H 347H 347H	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
348 TP348 TP348 348 TP348 WP348 TP348 348 TP348 TP348 F348	S34800 S34800 S34800 S34800 S34800 S34800 S34800 S34800 S34800 S34800 S34800	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Smls. pipe Fittings Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	348 348 348 348 348 348 348 348 348 348 348	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
F348H TP348H 348H TP348H TP348H WP348H 348H TP348H TP348H F348H	S34809 S34809 S34809 S34809 S34809 S34809 S34809 S34809 S34809 S34809	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. and welded pipe Fittings Bar Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	348H 348H 348H 348H 348H 348H 348H 348H 348H 348H	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
GX5CrNiNb19-11	1.4552	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X6CrNiMoNb17-12-2 X6CrNiMoNb17-12-2 X6CrNiMoNb17-12-2	1.4580 1.4580 1.4580	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10272	Plate Seamless tube Bar	– – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
GXCrNiMoNb19-11-2	1.4581	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X2CrNiCu19-10	1.4650	EN 10222-5	Forging	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X3CrNiMoNB17-13-3 X3CrNiMoNB17-13-3 X3CrNiMoNB17-13-3	1.4910 1.4910 1.4910	EN 10216-5 EN 10222-5 EN 10269	Seamless tube Forging Fasteners	– – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X7CrNiNb18-12 X7CrNiNb18-12	1.4912 1.4912	EN 10216-5 EN 10222-5	Seamless tube Forging	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X6CrNiMo17-13-2	1.4918	EN 10216-5	Seamless tube	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X7CrNiTi18-10	1.4940	EN 10216-5	Seamless tube	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X6CrNiTiB18-10 X6CrNiTiB18-10 X6CrNiTiB18-10	1.4941 1.4941 1.4941	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10222-5	Plate Seamless tube Forging	– – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X6CrNi18-10 X6CrNi18-10 X6CrNi18-10	1.4948 1.4948 1.4948	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10222-5	Plate Seamless tube Forging	– – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X8CrNiNb16-13 X8CrNiNb16-13	1.4961 1.4961	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5	Plate Seamless tube	– –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X8CrNiMoNb16-16	1.4981	EN 10216-5	Seamless tube	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X10CrNiMoMnNbVB15-10-1 X10CrNiMoMnNbVB15-10-1	1.4982 1.4982	EN 10216-5 EN 10269	Seamless tube Fasteners	– –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X8CrNiMoVNb16-13	1.4988	EN 10216-5	Seamless tube	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
GX3CrNi13-4	1.6982	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2

Read More

Austenitic stainless steels: What is the difference between “L” grade and “H” grade?

EN 13445: Cryogenic and low-temperature steels

Material Group 8.2 ISO 15608: Austenitic stainless steels with
Cr > 19 % and Ni ≤ 35 %

Features of Austenitic stainless steels group 8.2 such as 253MA

Higher alloyed stainless steels generally exhibit excellent elevated temperature strength along with resistance to creep deformation and environmental attack. Because of the higher chromium (and nickel) content, the corrosion resistance and heat resistance of these grades is slightly better than that of stainless steel 304.

Applications for Stainless Steel e.g. 253MA

These alloys are also used in the chemical process industry to contain hot concentrated acids, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide. In the food processing industry, they are used in contact with hot acetic and citric acid.

Good strength and oxidation resistance in continuous service temperatures dry air up to 1100 °C). However, the temperature range from 600 °C to 900 °C should be avoided as grain disintegration may occur, which negatively affects the notched impact values at room temperature. Due to the relatively high content of N and C, resistance in reducing or oxidizing atmospheres is poor. This is particularly the case in sulfur-containing gases.
Used in different industries such as oil & gas, refineries, fertilisers, heat exchangers, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, apparatus engineering, sugar & food processing .

Typical materials in group 8.2

Name / Grade	Number	Standards	Product	Alloy / Trade Mark	Remarks
X1CrNi25-21 X1CrNi25-20	1.4335 1.4335	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5	Plate Seamless tube	– –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
GX2NiCrMo28-20-2	1.4458	EN 10213	Casting	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X1CrNiMoN25-22-2 X1CrNiMoN25-22-2	1.4466 1.4466	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5	Plate Seamless tube		EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 – – – – – –	1.4529 1.4529 1.4529 1.4529 1.4529 N08926 N08926 N08926 N08926 N08926 N08926	EN 10028-7 EN 10272 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10253-4 ASTM B-366 ASTM B-625 ASTM B-649 ASTM B-673 ASTM B-674 ASTM B-677	Plate Bar Seamless tube Welded tube Fittings Fittings Plate Bar Welded pipe Welded tube Smls. pipe & tube	926 VDM® Alloy 926 INCOLOY® C Alloy 25-6M	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC /Code Case 2120-1 ASME BPVC /Code Case 2120-1 ASME BPVC /Code Case 2120-1 ASME BPVC /Code Case 2120-1 ASME BPVC /Code Case 2120-1 ASME BPVC /Code Case 2120-1
X1CrNiMoCuN25-25-5	1.4537	EN 10028-7	Plate	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 F904L 904L – – – 904L – – – – –	1.4539 1.4539 1.4539 1.4539 1.4539 N08904 N08904 N08904 N08904 N08904 N08904 N08904 N08904 N08904 N08904 N08904	EN 10028-7 EN 10272 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10253-4 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-479 ASTM B-625 ASTM B-649 ASTM B-673 ASTM B-674 ASTM B-677	Plate Bar Seamless tube Welded tube Fitting Forging Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fitting Bar Plate Bar Welded pipe Welded tube Smls. pipe & tube	904 VDM® Alloy 904 L	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
– –	N08700 N08700	ASTM B-599 ASTM B-672	Plate Bar		ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X1NiCrMoCuN20-18-7 X1NiCrMoCuN20-18-7 X1NiCrMoCuN20-18-7 X1NiCrMoCuN20-18-7 X1NiCrMoCuN20-18-7 F44 – S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254 – S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254	1.4547 1.4547 1.4547 1.4547 1.4547 S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254 S31254	EN 10028-7 EN 10272 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10253-4 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Plate Bar Seamless tube Welded tube Fittings Forgings Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Fitting Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold worked weld. pipe	254SMO Ultra 254 SMO®	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
GX2CrNiMoCuN20-18-6	1.4557	EN 10283	Steel casting	–	–
X2NiCrAlTi32-20	1.4558	EN 10216-5	Seamless tube	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X1NiCrMCu31-27-4 X1NiCrMCu31-27-4 X1NiCrMCu31-27-4 X1NiCrMCu31-27-4	1.4563 1.4563 1.4563 1.4563	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 EN 10217-7 EN 10272	Plate Seamless tube Welded tube Bar	– – – –	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
GX35NiCrSi2S-21	1.4805	EN 10295	Steel casting	–	–
GX40CrNiSi22-10	1.4826	EN 10295	Steel casting	–	–
X15CrNiSi20-12 309 WP309	1.4828 S30900 S30900	EN 10095 ASTM A-167 ASTM A-403	– Plate Fitting	309 ATI 309™	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP309Cb 309Cb TP309Cb TP309Cb 309Cb TP309Cb 309Cb TP309Cb TP309Cb	S30940 S30940 S30940 S30940 S30940 S30940 S30940 S30940 S30940	ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. pipe & tube Fusion welded pipe Welded pipe Bars Welded pipe Cold worked weld. pipe	309Cb	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP309HCb 309HCb TP309HCb TP309HCb	S30941 S30941 S30941 S30941	ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312	Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. pipe & tube	309HCb	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X9CrNiSiNCe21-11-2 F45 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815	1.4835 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815 S30815	EN 10095 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	– Forging Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold worked weld. pipe	253MA Therma 253 MA®	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
GX25CrNiSi20-14	1.4837	EN 10295	Steel casting
X15CrNiSi25-21 314	1.4841 S31400	EN 10095 ASTM A-276	– Bar	– 314	– ASME BPVC
GX40CrNiSi25-20	1.4848	EN 10295	Steel casting	–	–
GX40NiCrSiNb38-19	1.4849	EN 10295	Steel casting	–	–
GX40NiCrSiNb35-26	1.4852	EN 10295	Steel casting	–	–
X6CrNi23-13 TP309S 309S TP309S TP309S 309S TP309S 309S TP309S TP309S	1.4950 S30908 S30908 S30908 S30908 S30908 S30908 S30908 S30908 S30908	EN 10028-7 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Plate Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold worked weld. pipe	309S	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP309H 309H TP309H TP309H	S30909 S30909 S30909 S30909	ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312	Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe	309H	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
310 F310 F310	S31000 S31000 S31000	ASTM A-167 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-965	Plate Forgings Forgings	310	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X6CrNi25-20 TP310S 310S TP310S TP310S 310S WP310S TP310S 310S TP310S TP310S	1.4951 S31008 S31008 S31008 S31008 S31008 S31008 S31008 S31008 S31008 S31008	EN 10028-7 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Plate Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Fitting Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold worked pipe	– 310S 310S ATI 310S™ 310S 310S 310S 310S 310S 310S 310S 310S	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
F310H TP310H 310H TP310H TP310H	S31009 S31009 S31009 S31009 S31009	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312	Forging Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe	310H	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP310Cb 310Cb TP310Cb TP310Cb 310Cb TP310Cb 310Cb TP310Cb TP310Cb	S31040 S31040 S31040 S31040 S31040 S31040 S31040 S31040 S31040	ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold worked pipe	310Cb	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP310HCb 310HCb TP310HCb TP310HCb	S31041 S31041 S31041 S31041	ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312	Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe	310HCb	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP310HCbN	S31042	ASTM A-213	Seamless tube	310HCbN	ASME BPVC
X1CrNiMoN25-22-2 X1CrNiMoN25-22-2 F310MoLN TP310MoLN 310MoLN TP310MoLN TP310MoLN	1.4466 1.4466 S31050 S31050 S31050 S31050 S31050	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312	Plate Seamless tube Forging Seamless tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe	– – 310MoLN 310MoLN 310MoLN 310MoLN 310MoLN	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X1CrNiMoCuNW24-22-6 F58 – –	1.4659 S31266 S31266 S31266	– ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-358	– Forging Plate Fusion welded pipe	–	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X3CrNiMoBN17-13-2	1.4910	EN 10028-7	Plate	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X5NiCrAlTi31-20 X5NiCrAlTi31-20	1.4958 1.4958	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5	Plate Seamless tube	–	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X8NiCrAlTi32-21 X8NiCrAlTi32-21	1.4959 1.4959	EN 10028-7 EN 10216-5	Plate	.	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
S31277	S31277	ASTM A-240	Plate	INCOLOY® alloy 27-7MO	ASME BPVC
– – –	S31655 S31655 S31655	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-358	Plate Welded tube Fusion welded pipe	–	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
– – – – – – – – – –	S32053 S32053 S32053 S32053 S32053 S32053 S32053 S32053 S32053 S32053	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Forging Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Fitting Welded pipe Bar Welded pipe Cold worked weld. pipe	320	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
–	S32654	ASTM A-240	Plate	–	ASME BPVC
– – – N08367 N08367 – – – – – – – – – – N08367 N08367	N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367 N08367	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM B-366 ASTM A-403 ASTM B-462 ASTM A-479 ASTM B-564 ASTM B-675 ASTM B-676 ASTM B-688 ASTM B-690 ASTM B-691 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Forging Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Fitting Fitting Forging Bar Forging Welded pipe Welded tube Plate Smls. pipe & tube Bar Welded pipe Cold worked weld. pipe	AL-6XN® Alloy AL6XN®	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
CN7M	N08007	ASTM A-351	Casting	–	ASME BPVC
CE20N CPE20N	J92802 J92802	ASTM A-351 ASTM A-451	Casting Centrif. casting	– –	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
HK30	J94203	ASTM A-351	Casting	–	ASME BPVC
HK40	J94204	ASTM A-351	Casting	–	ASME BPVC
CK3MCuN	J93254	ASTM A-351	Casting	–	ASME BPVC
CH8 CPH8	J93400 J93400	ASTM A-351 ASTM A-451	Casting Centrif. casting	– –	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
CH10	J93401	ASTM A-351	Casting	–	ASME BPVC
CH20 CPH20	J93402 J93402	ASTM A-351 ASTM A-451	Casting Centrif. casting	– –	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC

Material Group 8.3 ISO 15608: Manganese-austenitic stainless steels such as XM-19 with
4 < Mn ≤ 12 % and Ni ≤ 35 %

Characteristics of Manganese-austenitic stainless steels acc. Material Group 8.3 ISO 15608

In this material group 8.3, nickel has been replaced by manganese.
The purpose is to reduce the impact of nickel-price fluctuations on alloy surcharge. These grades also have complementary nitrogen additions, to further stabilise the austenitic phase and provide high-strength properties neccessary in certain applications. Cooper had also been successfully added, to provided austenite stabilisation and improve cold forming properties.

For example the austenitic stainless steel XM-19 has corrosion resistance greater than that provided by Types 316, 316L, plus approximately twice the yield strength at room temperature. In addition, XM-19 Stainless Steel has very good mechanical properties at both elevated and sub-zero temperatures. 

Weldability of Manganese-austenitic stainless steels acc. Material Group 8.3 ISO 15608

The weldability is similar to that of Material group 8.1 ISO 15608.

Applications of Manganese-Austenitic Stainless Steels such as alloy XM-19

Components using the combination of excellent corrosion resistance and high strength currently include pumps, valves and fittings, fasteners, pump shafting, heat exchanger and parts.

Table: Typical materials in ISO 15608 material group

Name / Grade	Number	Standard	Product	AISI / Trade Mark	Remarks
X12CrMnNiN17-7-5 X9CrMnNiCu17-8-5-2 TP201 201–1 201–2 TP 201 TP 202 201–1 201–2	1.4372 1.4618 S20100 S20100 S20100 S20100 S20100 S20100 S20100	1.4372 1.4618 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-666 ASTM A-666	– – Smls. tube Plate Plate Welded tube Welded tube Plate Plate	– – 201 201 201 201 201 201 201	– – ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
201LN TP201LN 201LN	S20153 S20153 S20153	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358	Plate Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe	201LN 201LN 201LN	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
TP 202 202 TP 202	S20200 S20200 S20200	ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249	Smls. tube Plate Welded tube	202 202 202	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
–	S20400	ASTM A-240	Plate		ASME BPVC
X2CrNiMnMoNNb21-16-5-3 FXM–19 XM–19 XM–19 TP XM–19 TP XM–19 XM–19 WPXM–19 XM–19 TP XM–19 TP XM–19 FXM-19	1.3964 S20910 S20910 S20910 S20910 S20910 S20910 S20910 S20910 S20910 S20910 S20910	– ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	– Forging Smls. tube Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Fitting Bar Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forgings	XM–19 Nitronic® 50 ATI XM-19™ Fermonic 50 NAS XM-19	– ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
XM–17 XM–17	S21600 S21600	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-479	Plate Bar	XM–17 XM–17	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
XM–18 XM–18	S21603 S21603	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-479	Plate Bar	XM–18 XM–18	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
FXM–11 TPXM–11 XM–11 XM–11 TPXM–11 TPXM–11 FXM–11	S21904 S21904 S21904 S21904 S21904 S21904 S21904	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-666 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814 ASTM A-965	Forging Smls. & welded pipe Bar Plate Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe Forging	XM-11 XM-11 XM-11 XM-11 XM-11 XM-11 XM-11	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
XM–29 TPXM–29 TPXM–29 XM–29 XM–29 XM–29 TPXM–29 TPXM–29	S24000 S24000 S24000 S24000 S24000 S24000 S24000 S24000	ASTM A-240 ASTM A-249 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-358 ASTM A-479 ASTM A-688 ASTM A-813 ASTM A-814	Plate Welded tube Smls. & welded pipe Fusion welded pipe Bar Welded tube Welded pipe Cold work. weld. pipe	Nitronic® 33 XM–29	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X2CrNiMnMoN25-18-6-5 F49 S34565 S34565 S34565 S34565 S34565 S34565 –	1.4565 S34565 S34565 S34565 S34565 S34565 S34565 S34565 S34565	EN 10088-2 ASTM A-182 ASTM A-213 ASTM A-240 ASTM A-312 ASTM A-376 ASTM A-403 ASTM A-409 ASTM A-479	– Forging Smls. tube Plate Smls. & welded pipe Smls. pipe Fitting Welded pipe Bar	– NIROSTA® 3465S	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
CG6MMN	J93790	ASTM A-351	Casting		ASME BPVC

ISO 15608 Group 9.1 such as material 13MnNi6-3:
Nickel alloy steels with Ni ≤ 3,0 %

Nickel alloy steels ISO 15608 Material Group 9.1 for Cryogenic and Low-Temperature Service

Low-temperature steels generally refer to steels applied below 0℃. The addition of Mn, Ni and other alloying elements can reduce interstitial impurities, refine grain, control the size, shape and distribution of the second phase, etc., so as to reduce the Ductile – Brittle transition temperature of ferrite steel. Alloying elements in low temperature steel mainly affect the low temperature toughness of steel. The low-temperature toughness of steel increased by Nickel is 5 times as much as that of manganese, and the brittle transition temperature decreased by about 10℃ for every 1% increase in nickel content, which is mainly due to the fact that nickel was not reacted with carbon and all dissolved into the solid solution to strengthen it.

Applications for material 13MnNi6-3 group 9.1 ISO 15608

This material group retain adequate Charpy V-notch toughness, and thus high resistance to brittle fracture, even in the temperature range down to -105° C. This makes them the perfect choice for gas-liquefaction plants, for example, and for the transportation and storage of liquefied gases, such as LNG and LPG. The value of 27 joules with the Charpy V notch test is taken as the minimum value of the impact energy at the respective lowest service temperature.

Welding of low temperature steels

The characteristic properties of welding consumables for welding Low-Temperature steels is their deformation capacity at low temperatures, which is usually tested using the notched bar impact bending test. The value of the impact energy is used to draw conclusions about the tendency to brittle fracture and the suitability for use up to a certain temperature. When welding at low temperature steels, attention must be paid to controlled heat input in order to keep the heat-affected zone as narrow as possible and still avoid hardening peaks.

When welding nickel-alloyed steels, welding consumables of the same or similar type with 2.0 to 3.5% Ni are used. Weld filler metals of the same type are preferable if, in addition to the required minimum temperature, the mechanical-technological (strength, toughness) and physical (coefficient of thermal expansion) properties of the base material must be guaranteed in the weld metal.

Typical material in group 9.1

Name/Grade	Number	Standards	Product	Remarks/Trade Mark
11MnNi5-3 11MnNi5-3	1.6212 1.6212	EN 10028-4 EN 10216-4	Plate Seamless tube	EN 13445-2 & 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & 13480-2
13MnNi6-3 13MnNi6-3 13MnNi6-3	1.6217 1.6217 1.6217	EN 10028-4 EN 10216-4 EN 10222-3	Plate Seamless tube Forging	EN 13445-2 & 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & 13480-2
15NiMn6 15NiMn6 15NiMn6 LF5 Cl. 1 LF5 Cl. 2	– 1.6228 1.6228 K13050 K13050	ISO 9328-4 EN 10028-4 EN 10222-3 ASTM A-350 ASTM A-350	– Plate Forging Forging Forging	– EN 13445-2 & 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
A	K21703	ASTM A-203	Plate	ASME BPVC
7 7	K21903 K21903	ASTM A-333 ASTM A-334	Smls. & welded pipe Welded tube	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
FR WPR 9 9 WPL9 V V, E	K22035 K22035 K22035 K22035 K22035 K22035 K22035	ASTM A-182 ASTM A-234 ASTM A-333 ASTM A-334 ASTM A-420 ASTM A-714 ASTM A-714	Forging Fittings Smls. & welded pipe Welded tube Piping fitting Smls. & welded pipe Smls. & welded pipe	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
B	K22103	ASTM A-203	Plate	CryElso® 2.25
WC4	J12082	ASTM A-217	Casting	ASME BPVC
G9Ni10 LC2	1.5636 J22500	EN 10213 ASTM A-352	Casting Casting	EN 13445-2 & 13480-2 ASME BPVC
G20NiMoCr8-5-4	1.6570	EN 10293	Steel casting	–
G35CrNiMo6-6	1.6579	EN 10293	Steel casting	–

ISO 15608 Group 9.2 such as 12Ni14 steel :
Nickel alloy steels with 3,0 < Ni ≤ 8,0 %

Nickel alloy steels such as 12Ni14 steel for Cryogenic and Low-Temperature Service

Low-temperature steels generally refer to steels applied below 0℃. The addition of Ni and other alloying elements can reduce interstitial impurities, refine grain, control the size, shape and distribution of the second phase, etc., so as to reduce the Ductile – Brittle transition temperature of ferrite steel. Alloying elements in low temperature steel mainly affect the low temperature toughness of steel. The low-temperature toughness of steel increased by Nickel is 5 times as much as that of manganese, and the brittle transition temperature decreased by about 10℃ for every 1% increase in nickel content, which is mainly due to the fact that nickel was not reacted with carbon and all dissolved into the solid solution to strengthen it.

Applications for such steel plates ISO 15608 material group 9.2 such as 12Ni14 steel

This material group retain adequate Charpy V-notch toughness, and thus high resistance to brittle fracture, even in the temperature range down to -185° C. This makes them the perfect choice for gas-liquefaction plants, for example, and for the transportation and storage of liquefied gases, such as LNG and LPG.

Welding of low temperature steels

The characteristic properties of welding consumables for welding Low-Temperature steels is their deformation capacity at low temperatures, which is usually tested using the notched bar impact bending test. The value of the impact energy is used to draw conclusions about the tendency to brittle fracture and the suitability for use up to a certain temperature. When welding at low temperature steels, attention must be paid to controlled heat input in order to keep the heat-affected zone as narrow as possible and still avoid hardening peaks.

Filler metals with higher nickel contents tend to increase hot cracking. The 3% nickel steel can be preferred welded with the use of nickel-based types as E/S Ni 6625. Heat treatment of the welded joint must then be omitted in consideration of the austenitic weld metal (embrittlement, carbon diffusion).

EN 13445: Cryogenic and low-temperature steels

Typical material in group 9.2

Name/Grade	Number	Standard	Product	Remarks/Trade Mark
12Ni14 12Ni14 12Ni14+QT 12Ni14 12Ni14+QT 12Ni14 D 3 3 WPL3	1.5637 1.5637 1.5637 1.5637 1.5637 1.5637 K31718 K31918 K31918 K31918	EN 10028-4 EN 10216-4 EN 10216-4 EN 10222-3 EN 10222-3 EM 10253-2 ASTM A-203 ASTM A-333 ASTM A-334 ASTM A-429	Plate Seamless tube Seamless tube Forgings Forgings Fittings Plate Smls. & welded pipe Welded tube Fittings	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
E	K32018	ASTM A-203	Plate	CryElso® 203 ASME BPVC
LF3	K32025	ASTM A-350	Forging	ASME BPVC
III III	K32026 –	ASTM A-765 ASTM A-553	Forging Plate	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
F	–	ASTM A-203	Plate	ASME BPVC
G9Ni14	1.5638	EN 10213	Casting	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X12Ni5 X12Ni5 X12Ni5+QT X12Ni5	1.5680 1.5680 1.4580 1.5680	EN 10028-4 EN 10216-4 EN 10216-4 EN 10222-3	Plate Seamless tube Seamless tube Forgings	CryElso® 5 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
G17NiCrMo13-6 LC2–1	1.6781 J42215	EN 10213 ASTM A-213	Casting Casting	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC

Read More

EN 13445: Cryogenic and low-temperature steels

ISO 15608 Material Group 9.3:
Nickel alloy steels with 8,0 < Ni ≤ 10,0 %

9Ni-steels for Cryogenic and Low-Temperature Service

Low-temperature steels generally refer to steels applied below 0℃. The addition of Ni and other alloying elements can reduce interstitial impurities, refine grain, control the size, shape and distribution of the second phase, etc., so as to reduce the Ductile – Brittle transition temperature of ferrite steel. Alloying elements in low temperature steel mainly affect the low temperature toughness of steel. The low-temperature toughness of steel increased by Nickel is 5 times as much as that of manganese, and the brittle transition temperature decreased by about 10℃ for every 1% increase in nickel content, which is mainly due to the fact that nickel was not reacted with carbon and all dissolved into the solid solution to strengthen it.

Applications for 9Ni-steels

This material group retain adequate Charpy V-notch toughness, and thus high resistance to brittle fracture, even in the temperature range down to -196° C. This makes them the perfect choice for gas-liquefaction plants, for example, and for the transportation and storage of liquefied gases, such as LNG and LPG.

Welding of 9Ni-steels

The characteristic properties of welding consumables for welding Low-Temperature steels is their deformation capacity at low temperatures, which is usually tested using the notched bar impact bending test. The value of the impact energy is used to draw conclusions about the tendency to brittle fracture and the suitability for use up to a certain temperature. When welding at low temperature steels, attention must be paid to controlled heat input in order to keep the heat-affected zone as narrow as possible and still avoid hardening peaks.

The 9% Ni steel is mainly joined with nickel-based filler metals. These nickel-based types have advantages over conventional austenites. Due to a higher yield strength and the possibility of heat treatment of welded joints. They can also be used for steels with a low nickel content. With limited mixing with the base material, crack resistance and sufficient cold toughness down to -200°C are ensured.

EN 13445: Cryogenic and low-temperature steels

Name/Grade	Number	Standards	Product	Remarks/Trade Marks
X8Ni9+NT640 X8Ni9+QT640 X8Ni9+QT680 X8Ni9	1.5662 1.5662 1.5662 1.5662	EN 10028-4 EN 10028-4 EN 10028-4 EN 10222-3	Plate Plate Plate Forging	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
X10Ni9 X10Ni9+QT X10Ni9+QT	1.5682 1.5682 1.5682	EN 10216-4 EN 10216-4 EN 10253-2	Seamless tube Seamless tube Fittings	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2
II II	K71340 K71340	ASTM A- 522 ASTM A-533	Forging Plate	ASME BPVC ASME BPVC
X7Ni9 8 WPL8 I I	1.5663 K81340 K81340 K81340 K81340	EN 10028-4 ASTM A-333 ASTM A-420 ASTM A-522 ASTM A-553	Plate Welded tube Fitting Forging Plate	EN 13445-2 & EN 13480-2 ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC ASME BPVC / CryElso® 9Q
LC3	J31550	ASTM A-352	Casting	ASME BPVC
LC4	J41500	ASTM A-352	Casting	ASME BPVC