Material Group 72.2 ISO 15608: Spheroidal graphite cast iron, ferrite type, with specified tensile strength 0,2 % proof test, elongation or specified Brinell hardness
| Name | Number | Standard | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| EN-GJS-350-22-RT | EN-JS1014 | EN 1563 | |
| EN-GJS-350-22U-LT | EN-JS1019 | EN 1563 | |
| EN-GJS-400-18-RT | EN-JS1024 | EN 1563 | |
| EN-GJS-350-22U-RT | EN-JS1029 | EN 1563 | |
| EN-GJS-400-18U-LT | EN-JS1049 | EN 1563 | |
| EN-GJS-400-18U-RT | EN-JS1059 | EN 1563 |
Material Group 72.3 ISO 15608: Spheroidal graphite cast iron, EN-GJS-500-7 and EN-GJS-450-10 (if > 20% perlite) or specified Brinell hardness
Spheroidal graphite cast iron also known as ductile iron, ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, or spheroidal graphite iron. While most varieties of cast iron are brittle, spheroidal graphite cast iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions.
The ferritic microstructure consists of body-centered cubic α-iron. This phase is very tough and ductile, but is characterised by limited strength and low hardness. Perlite is a lineal microstructure consisting of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite (Fe3C). In contrast to ferrite, this phase is very strong and characterised by high hardness and high wear resistance. However, its malleability is low.
Ferrite forms the basis of the ductile, lower-strength cast iron grades, while the higher-strength grades are predominantly perlitic. The different transition qualities are created by combining different proportions of both structures (ferritic/perlitic or perlitic/ferritic).
| Name | Number | Standards | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| EN-GJS-350-22-LT | EN-JS1015 | EN 1563 | AD 2000 EN 13445-6 EN 12953: Valve DN ≤200, PS≤40 bar, TS≤350°C |
| EN-GJS-400-15 | EN-JS1030 | EN 1563 | AD 2000 EN 12953: Valve DN ≤200, PS≤40 bar, TS≤350°C |
| EN-GJS-400-18-LT | EN-JS1025 | EN 1563 | AD 2000 EN 13445-6 EN 12953: Valve DN ≤200, PS≤40 bar, TS≤350°C |
| EN-GJS-450-10 | EN-JS1040 | EN 1563 | – |
| EN-GJS-500-7 | EN-JS1050 | EN 1563 | AD 2000 |
| EN-GJS-600-3 | EN-JS1060 | EN 1563 | AD 2000 |
| EN-GJS-700-2 | EN-JS1070 | EN 1563 | AD 2000 |
Material Group 72.4 ISO 15608: Spheroidal graphite cast iron, perlite type, with specified tensile strength, 0,2 % proof stress and elongation or specified Brinell hardness.
Spheroidal graphite cast iron also known as ductile iron, ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, or spheroidal graphite iron. While most varieties of cast iron are brittle, spheroidal graphite cast iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions.
The ferritic microstructure consists of body-centered cubic α-iron. This phase is very tough and ductile, but is characterized by limited strength and low hardness. Pearlite is a lineal microstructure consisting of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite (Fe3C). In contrast to ferrite, this phase is very strong and characterised by high hardness and high wear resistance. However, its malleability is low.
Ferrite forms the basis of the ductile, lower-strength cast iron grades, while the higher-strength grades are predominantly pearlite. The different transition qualities are created by combining different proportions of both structures (ferritic/perlitic or perlitic/ferritic).
| Name | Number | Standards | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| EN-GJS-800-2 | EN-JS1080 | EN 1563 | – |
Material Group 73 ISO 15608: Malleable cast irons (unalloyed and low-alloyed);
Malleable cast iron has been a reliable type of cast iron with a low silicon content. In the state of casting the whole amount of carbon is bound as carbide to the iron. The breaking structure is white and the material is brittle. This is called “malleable rough cast”. Malleable cast iron is given its final qualities by heat treatment. If the material is completely decarburised, we speak of “white malleable cast iron”, whereas it is called ‚black malleable cast iron’ if a certain amount of carbon remains in the material.
The material’s mechanical qualities are better than those of standard grey cast iron. White malleable cast iron is also well weldable.
| Name | Number | Standards | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| EN-GJMB 300-6 | EN-JM1110 | EN 1562 EN 12516-4 | |
| EN-GJMB 350-10 | EN-JM1130 | EN 1562 EN 12516-4 | |
| EN-GJMB-450-6 | EN-JM1140 | EN 1562 | |
| EN-GJMB-500-5 | EN-JM1150 | EN 1562 | |
| EN-GJMB-550-4 | EN-JM1160 | EN 1562 | |
| EN-GJMB-600-3 | EN-JM1170 | EN 1562 | |
| EN-GJMB-650-2 | EN-JM1180 | EN 1562 | |
| EN-GJMB-700-2 | EN-JM1190 | EN 1562 | |
| EN-GJMB-800-1 | EN-JM1200 | EN 1562 |
Material Group 74 EN ISO 15608: Austempered ductile cast iron
Austempered ductile cast irons, or more commonly ADI castings, is a ductile iron casting which is processed by a special heat treatment. The austempering process, with ductile iron’s superior castability, results in a material which can be used to cast complex shapes, with a greater consistency of quality, and often at less cost. The heat treatment requires an interrupted quench, usually into a salt bath, to cool the cast part at a planned rate and long enough to achieve the desired austempered result. The resulting material has a combination of exceptional strength and toughness, meeting and often exceeding those of alloy steels.
| Name | Number | Standards | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| EN-GJS-800-8 | EN-JS1100 | EN 1564 | |
| EN-GJS-800-8-RT | EN-JS1104 | EN 1564 | |
| EN-GJS-800-8-S-RT | EN-JS1109 | EN 1564 | |
| EN-GJS-1000-5 | EN-JS1110 | EN 1564 | |
| EN-GJS-1200-2 | EN-JS1120 | EN 1564 | |
| EN-GJS-1400-1 | EN-JS1130 | EN 1564 |
Material Group 75 EN ISO 15608: Austenitic cast iron
Austenitic cast iron was developed to meet the demands of conditions that are too severe for conventional or austempered ductile irons. The high nickel content in austenitic ductile iron in conjunction with chromium in certain grades provides superior resistance to heat, corrosion and wear.
It also is characterized by good strength, ductility and resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, low temperature stability, controlled thermal expansion and good castability and machinability.
Applications include: valve and pump bodies in petroleum, salt water service, manifolds, turbocharger housings and air compressor parts.
| Name / Type | Number | Standards | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| EN-GJSA-XNiCr20-2 Type D-2 | EN-JS3011 – | EN 13835 ASTM A-436 | |
| EN-GJSA-XNiMn23-4 Type D-2M | EN-JS3021 – | EN 13835 ASTM A-436 | EN 13445-6 |
| EN-GJSA-XNiCr22 | EN-JS3041 | EN 13835 | |
| EN-GJSA-XNi22 | – | – | EN 13445-6 |
| EN-GJSA-XNi35 Type D-5 | EN-JS3051 – | EN 13835 ASTM A-436 | |
| EN-GJSA-XNiSiCr35-5-2 | EN-JS3061 | EN 13835 | |
| EN-GJSA-XNiMn13-7 | EN-JS3071 | EN 13835 | EN 13445-6 |
| EN-GJSA-XNiCr30-3 Type D-3 | EN-JS3081 – | EN 13835 ASTM A-436 | |
| EN-GJSA-XNiSiCr35-5-5 Type D-4 | EN-JS3091 – | EN 13835 ASTM A-436 | |
| EN-GJSA-XNiCr35-3 Type D-5B | EN-JS3101 – | EN 13835 ASTM A-436 | |
| EN-GJLA-XNiCuCr15-6-2 Type 1 | EN-JL3011 – | EN 13835 ASTM A-436 |
ISO 15608 groups materials according to their similar properties such as chemical composition, weldability and mechanical properties. However, it can also be used for other applications such as NDE, forming or heat treatments.
Material assigned to a group in ISO/TR 20172 (European Materials), ISO/TR 20173 (American Materials) and ISO/TR 20174 (Japanese Materials) should considered to those groups.
ISO 15608 material groups reduces the number of welding procedure qualifications (WPQR) e.g. ISO 15614-1. One WPQR is required for a single material group, whereby this material group can contain several specific materials (see tables below). For example, A WPQR with a material from subgroup 1.2 includes all materials from the subgroup 1.1
ISO 15608 is included in many codes and standards so that this simplification of welding qualifications can be used there e.g. EN 13445-2, EN 13480-2, AD 2000, PD 5500, EN 1092-2, ISO 9606.
ASME BPVC Section X has a similar group classification (P-number), but cannot be adopted 1:1. The American system similarly classifies materials into groups, however ASME BPVC Sect. IX in QW422 explicitly classifies grades of materials to groups and not on the chemical composition and mechanical properties such as is the case with ISO 15608.
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